Wetland References

Maps

Halsey, L.A., D.H. Vitt, and S.C. Zoltai. 1993. Distribution of past and present ombrotrophic and permafrost landform features. Province of Alberta Maps, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Tarnocai, C., I.M. Kettles, and B. Lacelle. 2000. Peatlands of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Open File 3834 (digital database).

Vitt, D.H. 1992. The Peatlands of Alberta: A 1:1,000,000 Summary Map. Province of Alberta Maps, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Vitt, D.H., L.A. Halsey, and M.N. Thormann. 1997. The wetlands of Alberta: A 1:1,000,000 summary map, 2nd edition with revisions. Alberta Environmental Protection Agency, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Wetland Classification Systems

Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, E. T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Page.

Millar, J.B. 1976. Wetland Classification in Western Canada: A Guide to Marshes and Shallow Open Water Wetlands in the Grasslands and Parklands of the Prairie Provinces. Report Series Number 37.

National Wetlands Working Group. 1987. The Canadian Wetland Classification System. Land Conservation Branch, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series No. 21.

National Wetlands Working Group. 1997. The Canadian Wetland Classification System, 2nd Edition. Warner, B.G. and C.D.A. Rubec (eds.), Wetlands Research Centre, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

Stewart, R.E. and H.A. Kantrud. 1971. Classification of Natural Ponds and Lakes in the Glaciated Prairie Region. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., USA. Resource Publication 92.

Wells, E.D. and S.C. Zoltai. 1985. The Canadian system of wetland classification and its application to circumboreal wetlands. Aquilo Series Botanica 21: 45-52.

Zoltai, S.C. and D.H. Vitt. 1995. Canadian wetlands: Environmental gradients and classification. Vegetatio 118: 131-137.

Zoltai, S.C. and F.C. Pollett. 1983. Wetlands in Canada: Their classification, distribution and use. Pages 245-268 in Gore, A.J.P. (ed.), Ecosystems of the World. Mires: Swamp, Bog, Fen and Moor. B. Regional Studies. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Zoltai, S.C., F.C. Pollett, J.K. Jeglum, and G.D. Adams. 1975. Developing a wetland classification for Canada. Pages 497-511 in Bernier, B. and C.H. Winget (eds.), Forest Soils and Forest Land Management. Proceedings of the 4th North American Forest Soils Conference, Les presses de l'Université Laval, QC, Canada.

Alberta Wetland Literature

Amell, B., A. Chu, and J. White. 2004. Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement. Report prepared for the City of Calgary, AB, Canada.

Anderson, R.B. 1999. Peatland Habitat use and Selection by Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in Northern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Anielski, M. 1992. Accounting for carbon fixation by Alberta's forests and peatlands. Paper prepared for the 2nd Meeting of the International Society for Ecological Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.

Astridge, K. 1996. The Relationship between Microhabitat Variation and Performance of Picea mariana and Larix laricina Seedlings in a Rich Fen. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton. AB, Canada.

Bailey, R.G., S.C. Zoltai, and E.B. Wiken. 1985. Ecological regionalization in Canada and the United States. Geoforum 16: 265-275.

Bauer, I.E. 2002. Internal and external controls over Holocene peatland development in boreal western Canada. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Bauer, I.E., L.D. Gignac, and D.H. Vitt. 2003. Development of a peatland complex in boreal western Canada: lateral site expansion and local variability in vegetation succession and long-term peat accumulation. Canadian Journal of Botany 81: 833-847.

Bayley, S.E. and C.M. Prather. 2003. Do wetland lakes exhibit alternative stable states? Submersed aquatic vegetation and chlorophyll in western boreal shallow lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 48: 2335-2345.

Bayley, S.E. and J.K. Guimond. 2008. Effects of river connectivity on marsh vegetation community structure and species diversity. Ecoscience 15: 377-388.

Bayley, S.E. and R.L. Mewhort. 2004. Plant community structure and functional differences between marshes and fens in the southern boreal region of Alberta, Canada. Wetlands 24: 277-294.

Bayley, S.E., M.N. Thormann, and A.R. Szumigalski. 2005. Nitrogen mineralization and decomposition in western boreal bog and fen peat. Ecoscience 12: 455-465.

Beilman, D.W., D.H. Vitt, and L.A. Halsey. 2000. Localized permafrost peatlands in western Canada: Definition, distributions, and degradation. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 33: 70-77.

Bell, J. 1998. Vegetation and Water Quality Monitoring of a Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Urban Stormwater Runoff. Master of Environmental Design Thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Belland, R.J. and D.H. Vitt. 1995. Bryophyte vegetation patterns along environmental gradients in continental bogs. Ecoscience 2: 395-407.

Bendell-Young, L., K. Bennet, A. Crowe, C. Kennedy, A. Kermode, M. Moore, Plant A., and A. Wood. 2000. Assessing the ecological characteristics of wetlands receiving an industrial effluent. Ecological Applications 10: 310-322.

Benscoter, B.W., D.H. Vitt, and R.K. Wieder. 2005. Linking microtopography with post-fire succession in Canadian bogs. Journal of Vegetation Science 16: 453-460.

Benscoter, B.W., R.K. Wieder, and D.H. Vitt. 2005. Association of post-fire accumulation and microtopography in boreal bogs. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2188-2193.

Bernard, J.M. 1976. The life history and population dynamics of shoots of Carex rostrata. Journal of Ecology 64: 1045-1048.

Bernard, J.M. and E. Gorham. 1978. Life history aspects of primary production in sedge wetlands. Pages 39-51 in Good R.E., D.F. Whigham, and R.L. Simpson (eds.), Freshwater Wetlands: Ecological Processes and Management Potential. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.

Bishay, F.S. 1998. The Use of Constructed Wetlands to Treat Oil Sands Wastewater, Fort McMurray, AB. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Bishay, F.S. and P.G. Nix. 1996. Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Oil Sands Wastewater. Report prepared for Suncor Inc., Oil Sands Group, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada. Technical Report No. 5.

Bradshaw, C.J.A., D.M. Hebert, A.B. Rippin, and S. Boutin. 1995. Winter peatland habitat selection by woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73: 1567-1574.

Brown, W.K., W.J. Rettie, B. Wynes, and K. Morton. 2000. Wetland habitat selection by woodland caribou as characterized using the Alberta Wetland Inventory. Rangifer, Special Issue No. 12: 153-157.

Campbell, C., D.H. Vitt, L.A. Halsey, I.D. Campbell, M.N. Thormann, and S.E. Bayley. 2000. Net Primary Production and Standing Biomass in Northern Continental Wetlands. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Information Report NOR-X-369.

Campbell, I.D., C. Campbell, D.H. Vitt, D. Kelker, L.D. Laird, D. Trew, B. Kotak, D. LeClair, and S.E. Bayley. 2000. A first estimate of organic carbon storage in Holocene lake sediments in Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 24: 395-400.

Campbell, I.D., C. Campbell, Z. Yu, D.H. Vitt, and M.J. Apps. 2000. Millennial-scale rhythms in peatlands in the western interior of Canada and in the global carbon cycle. Quaternary Research 54: 155-158.

Chagué-Goff, C., F. Goodarzi, and W.S. Fyfe. 1996. Elemental distribution and pyrite occurrence in a freshwater peatland, Alberta. Journal of Geology 104: 649-663.

Chee, W.L. 1988. The Vegetation, Water Chemistry and Peat Chemistry of Fens in the Lesser Slave-Athabasca Area, and their Relationships to other Peatland Types in Alberta, Canada. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Chee, W.-L. and D.H. Vitt. 1989. The vegetation, surface water chemistry, and peat chemistry of moderate-rich fens in central Alberta, Canada. Wetlands 9: 227-262.

City of Calgary. 2004. Calgary Wetland Conservation Plan. Parks Department, City of Calgary, AB, Canada.

City of Edmonton. 2009. Kennedale Constructed Wetland. Drainage Service Branch, City of Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Conlin, T.S. and V.J. Lieffers. 1993. Seasonal growth of black spruce and tamarack roots in an Alberta peatland. Canadian Journal of Botany 71: 359-360.

Crowe, A.U., A.L. Plant, and A.R. Kermode. 2002. Effects of an industrial effluent on plant colonisation and on germination and post-germinative growth of seeds of terrestrial and aquatic plant species. Environmental Pollution 117: 179-189.

Dahl, T.E. and S.C. Zoltai. 1997. Forested northern wetlands of North America. Pages 3-17 in Trettin, C.C., M.F. Jurgensen, D.F. Grigal, M.R. Gale, and J.K. Jeglum (eds.), Northern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

Dang, Q.L. and V.J. Lieffers. 1989. Assessment of patterns of response of tree ring growth of black spruce following peatland drainage. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19: 924-929.

Dang, Q.L. and V.J. Lieffers. 1989. Climate and annual ring growth of black spruce in some Alberta peatlands. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 1885-1889.

Danielson, R.M., J.C. Zak, and D. Parkinson. 1983. Mycorrhizal inoculum in a peat deposit formed under a white spruce stand in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 63: 2557-2560.

Dunford, J.S., P.D. McLoughlin, F. Dalerum, and S. Boutin. 2006. Lichen abundance in the peatlands of northern Alberta: implications for boreal caribou. Ecoscience 13 469-474.

Eastlick, K. 1993. Wetlands Wastewater Treatment - A Literature Review of Natural and Wetlands Ecotechnologies for Improving Quality of Runoff, Municipal Sewage and Industrial Wastewater. Wetlands Design Group, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Eastlick, K. 1996. Constructed Wetlands for Western Canada. Master of Environmental Design Thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Ferone, J.-M. 2001. Landscape Controls of Hydrologic Function and Phosphorous Dynamics in Two Pond-Wetland Complexes on the Mixedwood Boreal Plain. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Ferone, J.-M. and K.J. Devito. 2004. Shallow groundwater-surface water interactions of pond-peatland complexes along a Boreal Plains topographic gradient. Journal of Hydrology 292: 75-95.

Finnamore, A.T. 1994. Hymenoptera of the Wagner Natural Area, a boreal spring fen in central Alberta. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 169. 289 pp.

Foote, A.L. and C.L. Rice. 2005. Odonates as biological indicators of grazed and ungrazed Canadian prairie wetlands. Ecological Entomology 30: 1-11.

Foote, A.L. and N.T. Krogman. 2006. Boreal wetlands in Alberta: State of our knowledge and agents of change. Forestry Chronicle 82: 825-836.

Gignac, L.D. and D.H. Vitt. 1990. Habitat limitations of Sphagnum along climatic, chemical, and physical gradients in mires of western Canada. The Bryologist 93: 7-22.

Gignac, L.D. and D.H. Vitt. 1994. Responses of northern peatlands to climate change: Effects on bryophytes. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 75: 119-132.

Gignac, L.D., D.H. Vitt, S.C. Zoltai, and S.E. Bayley. 1991. Bryophyte response surfaces along climatic, chemical and physical gradients in peatlands of western Canada. Nova Hedwigia 53: 27-71.

Gignac, L.D., L.A. Halsey, A.B.G. Bush, and D.H. Vitt. 2002. Evaluating GCM outputs for past climates in North America based on the distribution of Sphagnum peatlands. Ecoscience 9: 489-502.

Gignac, L.D., L.A. Halsey, and D.H. Vitt. 2000. A bioclimatic model for the distribution of Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America under present climatic conditions. Journal of Biogeography 27: 1139-1151.

Gignac, L.D., R. Gauthier, L. Rochefort, and J. Bubier. 2004. Distribution and habitat niches of 37 peatland Cyperaceae species across a broad geographic range in Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 82: 1292-1313.

Golder Associates. 1998. The Effects of Consolidated Tailings Release Water and Deposits on Terrestrial and Wetlands Ecosystems: Summary Report #1. Report prepared for Suncor Energy Inc., Oil Sands, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada.

Gorham, E. 1974. The relationship between standing crop in sedge meadows and summer temperature. Journal of Ecology 62: 487-491.

Gorham, E. and M.G. Somers. 1973. Seasonal changes in the standing crop of two montane sedges. Canadian Journal of Botany 51: 1097-1108.

Halsey, L., D.H. Vitt, and D. Trew. 1997. Influence of peatlands on the acidity of lakes in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 96: 17-38.

Halsey, L.A. and D.H. Vitt. 1997. Alberta Wetland Inventory Standards. In Alberta Vegetation Inventory Standards. Resource Data Division, Alberta Environmental Protection, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Halsey, L.A., D.H. Vitt, and I.E. Bauer. 1998. Peatland initiation during the Holocene in continental western Canada. Climatic Change 40: 315-342.

Halsey, L.A., D.H. Vitt, and L.D. Gignac. 2000. Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America since the last glacial maximum: their occurrence and extent. The Bryologist 103: 334-352.

Halsey, L.A., D.H. Vitt, and S.C. Zoltai. 2000. The changing landscape of Canada's western Boreal forest: the dynamics of permafrost. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30: 283-287.

Hillman, G.R. 1988. Improving Wetlands for Forestry in Alberta. Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Canada-Alberta Forest Resource Development Agreement Report 43.

Hillman, G.R. 1988. Preliminary effects of forest drainage in Alberta, Canada, on groundwater table levels and stream water quality. Pages 190-196 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Hydrology of Wetlands in Temperate and Cold Regions, June 6-8, 1988, Joensuu, Finland. Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland.

Hillman, G.R. 1989. Increasing forest productivity by drainage. Pages 43-52 in Nicholaichuk W. and H. Steppuhn (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on Water Management Affecting the Wet-to-Dry Transition: Planning at the Margins, November 8-9, 1988, Regina, Saskatchewan. Water Studies Institute, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.

Hillman, G.R. 1991. Black Spruce Growth on Drained, Forested Peatland in Northern Alberta. Forestry Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Forest Management Note 53.

Hillman, G.R. 1992. Some hydrological effects of peatland drainage in Albert's boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22: 1588-1596.

Hillman, G.R. 1997. Effects of engineered drainage on water tables and peat subsidence in an Alberta treed fen. Pages 253-272 in Trettin, C.C., M.F. Jurgensen, D.F. Grigal, M.R. Gale, and J.K. Jeglum (eds.), Northern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

Hillman, G.R. 1998. Flood wave attenuation by a wetland following a beaver dam failure on a second order boreal stream. Wetlands 18: 21-34.

Hillman, G.R. and J.J. Roberts. 2006. Early Growth Response in Trees Following Peatland Drainage. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Information Report NOR-X-408.

Hillman, G.R. and J.J. Roberts. 2006. Tamarack and black spruce growth on a boreal fen in central Alberta 9 years after drainage. New Forests 31: 225-243.

Hillman, G.R., J.D. Johnson, and S.K. Takyi. 1990. The Canada-Alberta Wetlands Drainage and Improvement for Forestry Program. Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Alberta Forest Resource Development Agreement Report 91.

Hillman, G.R., J.D. Johnson, and S.K. Takyi. 1997. Peatland Drainage and Improvement Program (Phase 2): Controlling Water Table Levels to Enhance Tree Establishment and Growth. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Canada-Alberta Partnership Agreement in Forestry Report 149.

Hogenbirk, J.C. and R.W. Wein. 1991. Fire and drought experiments in northern wetlands: a climate change analogue. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 1991-1997.

Hornung, J.P. and A.L. Foote. 2006. Aquatic invertebrate responses to fish presence and vegetation complexity in western boreal wetlands with implications for waterbird productivity. Wetlands 26: 1-12.

Horton, D.G., D.H. Vitt, and N.G. Slack. 1979. Habitats of circumboreal-subarctic Sphagna. I. A quantitative analysis and review of species in the Caribou Mountains, northern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 2283-2317.

Humphrey, W.D. and D.J. Pluth. 1996. Net nitrogen mineralization in natural and drained fen peatlands in Alberta, Canada. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60: 932-940

Kent, R.L. 1987. Wetlands Wastewater Treatment - Blue Quills School, St. Paul, Alberta. Pages 233-240 in Proceedings of the Symposium Wetlands/Peatlands, 23-28 August 1987, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Kubiw, H., M. Hickman, and D.H. Vitt. 1989. The developmental history of peatlands at Muskiki and Marguerite Lakes, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 3534-3544.

Kuehne, H. and J. Cairns. Date unknown. An Innovative Approach to Development of a Regional Storm Water Management Facility. Associated Engineering, City of Edmonton Transportation Department, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Kuhry, P. and S.C. Zoltai. 1994. Past climate change and the development of peatlands: an introduction. Journal of Paleolimnology 12: 1-2.

Kuhry, P., B.J. Nicholson, L.D. Gignac, D.H. Vitt, and S.E. Bayley. 1993. Development of Sphagnum dominated peatlands in boreal continental Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 71: 10-22.

Lewis, F.J. and E.S. Dowding. 1926. The vegetation and retrogressive changes of peat areas (muskegs) in central Alberta. Journal of Ecology 14: 317-341.

Lewis, F.J., E.S. Dowding, and E.H. Moss. 1928. The swamp, moor and bog forest vegetation of central Alberta. Journal of Ecology 16: 19-70.

Li, Y. and D.H. Vitt. 1994. The dynamics of moss establishment: Temporal responses to nutrient gradients. The Bryologist 97: 357-364.

Li, Y. and D.H. Vitt. 1995. The dynamics of moss establishment: Temporal responses to a moisture gradient. Journal of Bryology 18: 677-687.

Li, Y. and D.H. Vitt. 1997. Patterns of retention and utilization of aerially deposited nitrogen in boreal peatlands. Ecoscience 4: 106-116.

Lieffers, V.J. 1988. Sphagnum and cellulose decomposition in drained and natural areas of an Alberta peatland. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 68: 755-761.

Macdonald, S.E. and F.Y. Yin. 1999. Factors influencing size inequality in peatland black spruce and tamarack: evidence from post-drainage release growth. Journal of Ecology 87: 404-412.

Macdonald, S.E. and V.J. Lieffers. 1990. Photosynthesis, water relations, and foliar nitrogen of Picea mariana and Larix laricina from drained and undrained peatlands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20: 995-1000.

MacIsaac, D.A., G.R. Hillman, and P.A. Hurdle. 2004. Alternative Silvicultural Systems for Harvesting and Regenerating Spruce-Dominated Boreal Mineral Wetlands. Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Information Report NOR-X-399.

Malmer, N., D.G. Horton, and D.H. Vitt. 1992. Elemental concentrations in mosses and surface waters of western Canadian mires relative to precipitation chemistry and hydrology. Ecography 15: 114-128.

McLoughlin, P.D., D. Paetkau, M. Duda, and S. Boutin. 2004. Genetic diversity and relatedness of boreal caribou populations in western Canada. Biological Conservation 118: 593-598.

Moss, E.H. 1953. Marsh and bog vegetation in northwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 31: 448-480.

Moss, M.S. 1949. Taxonomic and Ecological Studies of Sphagnum Species in Bogs in Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.

Mugasha, A.C. and D.J. Pluth. 1994. 15N-labelled urea fertilization of a tamarack/black spruce mixed stand on a drained minerotrophic peatland: 15N in soil and tree uptake. Forest Ecology and Management 68: 339-351.

Mugasha, A.G. 1992. Responses of Tamarack and Black Spruce Forests to Drainage, Thinning and Fertilization of Alberta Peatlands. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Mugasha, A.G., D.J. Pluth, and G.R. Hillman. 1993. Foliar response of tamarack and black spruce to drainage and fertilization of a minerotrophic peatland. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23: 166-180.

Nicholson, B. 1991. A Selection of 54 Peatlands Chosen as a First Approach to the Preservation of Important Wetlands and Peatlands in the Province of Alberta. Report prepared for Natural Areas Program, Alberta Energy and Natural Resources, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Nicholson, B.J. 1987. Peatland Paleoecology and Peat Chemistry at Mariana Lakes, Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Nicholson, B.J. and D.H. Vitt. 1990. The paleoecology of a peatland complex in continental western Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 121-138.

Nicholson, B.J. and D.H. Vitt. 1994. Wetland development at Elk Island National Park, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 12: 19-34.

Nix, P.G. 1995. Wetlands for fine tails and process water reclamation. In Advances in Oil Sands Tailings Fundamentals Consortium. Alberta Department of Energy, Oil Sands and Research Division, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Nix, P.G., F.S. Bishay, S.H. Hamilton, and M.D. Paine. 1995. Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Oil Sands Wastewater: Technical Report #4. Report prepared for Suncor Energy Inc., Oil Sands Group. EVS Consultants, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada. 386 pp. + Appendices.

Norlin, J.I., S.E. Bayley, and L.C.M. Ross. 2005. Submerged macrophytes, zooplankton, and the predominance of low over high chlorophyll states in western boreal, shallow-water wetlands. Freshwater Biology 50: 2135-2144.

Popp, T.J., J.P. Chanton, G.J. Whiting, and N. Grant. 1999. Methane stable isotope distribution at a Carex dominated fen in north central Alberta. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 13: 1063-1077.

Popp, T.J., J.P. Chanton, G.J. Whiting, and N. Grant. 2000. Evaluation of methane oxidation in the rhizosphere of a Carex dominated fen in north central Alberta, Canada. Biogeochemistry 51: 259-281.

Prepas, E.E., D. Planas, J.J. Gibson, D.H. Vitt, T.D. Prowse, W.P. Dinsmore, L.A. Halsey, P.M. McEachern, S. Paquet, G.J. Scrimgeour, W.M. Tonn, C.A. Paszkowski, and K. Wolfstein. 2001. Landscape variables influencing nutrients and phytoplankton communities in Boreal Plain lakes of northern Alberta: a comparison of wetland-and upland-dominated catchments. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 1286-1299.

Pries, J., R. Borer, R.A. Clarke, and R. Knight. 1996. Performance and Design Consideration of Treatment Wetland Systems for Livestock Wastewater Management in Cold Climate Regions in the Northern United States and Southern Canada. Proceedings of the 2nd National Workshop on Constructed Wetlands for Animal Waste Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Pries, J.H. 1994. Wastewater and Stormwater Applications of Wetlands in Canada. North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Canada), Ottawa, ON, Canada. Sustaining Wetlands Issues Paper, No 1994-1.

Randall, L.A. and A.L. Foote. 2005. Effects of impoundment management and herbivory on wetland plant production and stand structure. Wetlands 25: 38-50.

Redding, T.E. and K.J. Devito. 2006. Particle densities of wetlands soils in northern Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86: 57-60.

Rochefort, L. and D.H. Vitt. 1988. Effects of simulated acid rain on Tomenthypnum nitens and Scorpidium scorpioides in a rich fen. The Bryologist 91: 121-129.

Rothwell, R.L., U. Silins, and G.R. Hillman. 1996. The effects of drainage on substrate water content at several forested Alberta peatlands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26: 53-62.

Sauchyn, D. and S. Kulshreshtha. 2008. Prairies. Pages 275-328 in Lemmen, D.S., F.J. Warren, J. Lacroix, and E. Bush (eds.), From Impacts to Adaptation: Canada in a Changing Climate 2007. Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Silins, U. and R.L. Rothwell. 1998. Forest peatland drainage and subsidence affect soil water retention and transport properties in an Alberta peatland. Soil Science Society of America Journal 62: 1048-1056.

Silins, U. and R.L. Rothwell. 1999. Spatial patterns of aerobic limit depth and oxygen diffusion rate at two peatlands drained for forestry in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 53-61.

Siltanen, R.M., M.J. Apps, S.C. Zoltai, R.M. Mair, and W.L. Strong. 1997. A soil profile and organic carbon data base for Canadian Forest and tundra mineral soils. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Slack, N.G., D.H. Vitt, and D.G. Horton. 1980. Vegetation gradients of minerotrophically rich fens in western Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 330-350.

Stuart-Smith, A.K., C.J.A. Bradshaw, S. Boutin, D.M. Hebert, and A.B. Rippin. 1997. Woodland caribou relative to landscape patterns in northeastern Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:622-633.

Swanson, L.E. and R.L. Rothwell. 1989. Substrate freeze - thaw in a drained Alberta fen. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19: 1024-1029.

Szumigalski, A.R. 1995. Production and Decomposition of Vegetation Along a Wetland Gradient in Central Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Szumigalski, A.R. and S.E. Bayley. 1996. Decomposition along a bog-rich fen gradient in central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 74: 573-581.

Szumigalski, A.R. and S.E. Bayley. 1996. Net above ground primary production along a bog-rich fen gradient in central Alberta, Canada. Wetlands 16: 467-476.

Szumigalski, A.R. and S.E. Bayley. 1997. Net aboveground primary production along a peatland gradient in central Alberta in relation to environmental factors. Ecoscience 4: 385-393.

Takyi, S.K. and G.R. Hillman. 2000. Growth of coniferous seedlings on a drained and mounded peatland in central Alberta. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 17: 71-79.

Tarnocai, C. and S.C. Zoltai. 1978. Soils of northern Canadian peatlands: their characteristics and stability. Pages 433-448 in Forest Soils and Land Use. Proceedings of the 5th North American Forest Soils Conference, Fort Collins, Co, USA.

Thompson, W. and P. Hansen. 2002. Classification and Management of Riparian Wetland Sites of the Alberta Grassland Natural Region and Adjacent Sub Regions. Report prepared for Alberta Riparian Habitat Management Program - Cows and Fish, Lethbridge, AB, Canada. 416 pp.

Thormann, M.N. 2006. Diversity and function of fungi in peatlands: A carbon cycling perspective. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86: 281-293.

Thormann, M.N. 2006. The role of fungi in boreal peatlands. Pages 101-123 in Wieder, R.K. and D.H. Vitt (eds.), Boreal Peatland Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Ecological Studies 188.

Thormann, M.N. and A.V. Rice. 2007. Fungi in peatlands. Fungal Diversity 24: 241-299.

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